3. Introduction

The effects of water pollution
We are going to research on water pollution in rivers and we want to find out its effects on Man and the world. We will find out on what is going on with the water pollution around the world, the causes of water pollution, effects of water pollution and how can we prevent or alleviate the problem. This project is manageable and feasible as a small effort counts to save humanity

Effective control of urban runoff involves reducing the velocity and flow of storm-water, as well as reducing pollutant discharges. Local governments use a variety of storm-water management techniques to reduce the effects of urban runoff. Pollution prevention practices include low development techniques, installation of Eco-friendly roofs and improved chemical handling (e.g. management of motor fuels & oil, fertilizers and pesticides). Runoff mitigation systems include constructed wetlands, collection ponds and similar devices. Thermal pollution from runoff can be controlled by storm-water management facilities that absorb the runoff or direct it into groundwater, such as bio retention systems and infiltration basins. Retention basins tend to be less effective at reducing temperature, as the water may be heated by the sun before being discharged to a receiving stream. These are still ineffective as some people might dump the waste privately as the governments might not be able to disclose dumping information.

3.1)What are the solutions for water pollution?
Factories should install a treatment system for their waste.
In construction sites should have spill prevention and control plans, as well as specially designed container and structures such as overflow controls and diversion berms.
Loose soil can wash off fields in certain areas. Farmers can reduce runoff flows and retain soil on their fields. Sewage treatments plants can be built to reduce the pollution made by these areas. If well designed systems are put into place.

3.2)What types of water pollution are there?
There are mainly two types water of pollutions: chemical and junk. The junk pollution is a pollution that involves a body of water polluted by multiple junks, such as plastic cup, plastic bag, drink cans and etc. There is also a chemical pollution that result from factories where harmful chemicals are illegally dumped into a body of water such as river or sea. When the chemical pollution take effect, it will infect and/or kill the aquatic animals which will be consumed by other animals or/and by humans and will cause harmful damage to any body parts often leading to deformation or death. The contaminated water can also be drunk. It may also be sprayed to the plants to be eaten by humans and it can also cause deformation or death.

3.3)What can we do to stop or reduce the water pollution?
We can reduce the water pollution by installing a treatment system into factories that deposit waste into rivers, lake, and etc.
In construction sites which are prone to spills of chemicals, spill prevention and control plans, as well as specially designed container and structures such as overflow controls and diversion berms. Storm-water management techniques can be used to reduce the effects of urban runoff, and may focus on different areas like water quantity control and improving water quality. Loose soil can wash off fields in certain areas. Farmers can use  like contour plowing, crop mulching and crop rotation to name a few, to reduce runoff flows and retain soil on their fields.

Domestic sewage can also pose risk. In these area, sewage treatments plants can be built to reduce the pollution made by these areas. If well designed systems are put into place, 90% of pollutants can be removed. For example, Rectangular drainage system. Rectangular drainage develops on rocks that are of approximately uniform resistance to erosion, but which have two directions of jointing at approximately right angles. The joints are usually less resistant to erosion than the bulk rock so erosion tends to preferentially open the joints and streams eventually develop along the joints. The result is a stream system in which streams consist mainly of straight line segments with right angle bends, and tributaries join larger streams at right angles.

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